DANB General Chairside Practice Test

What does a caries risk assessment test measure?

1. The level of dental plaque

2. Number of mutans streptococci present in the saliva

3. The presence of cavities

4. The amount of fluoride in the saliva

The correct answer is: Number of mutans streptococci present in the saliva

A caries risk assessment test is designed to evaluate an individual's susceptibility to dental caries (cavities). One key aspect it measures is the number of mutans streptococci present in the saliva. This specific bacterium, known for its role in the development of tooth decay, is a significant predictor of caries risk. High levels of mutans streptococci indicate a greater likelihood of cavities forming because these bacteria metabolize sugars and produce acids that demineralize tooth enamel. The other options may relate to factors contributing to dental health but do not specifically measure caries risk. For instance, while the level of dental plaque can indicate poor oral hygiene and increase the risk for caries, it does not solely determine an individual's risk level. Similarly, the presence of cavities itself reflects the outcome of caries rather than assessing risk factors. Lastly, measuring the amount of fluoride in saliva could provide insight into the effectiveness of fluoride treatments, but it does not directly relate to the risk of developing cavities as it does not address bacterial presence or activity.